The Useful of Bacteria

There are two kind bacteria if see from the uses for human, benefit and disadvantage for human. Most of us think of bacteria as "germs" or microorganism, unseen threats to our health and welfare. But for each of the few disease-producing kinds which can live in the human body, there are hundreds of others upon which we depend for our very existence. Bacteria help us digest our food. Plant will die if no bacteria to convert leaf or other organic matter to humus.

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Size and Habitat of Bacteria

Thirty trillion bacteria of average size weigh about 28 g (1 oz). Bacteria are measured in microns (0.001 micrometer, about 0.00004 in) and most types range from 0.1 to 4.0 microns in width and 0.2 to 50 microns in length. Bacteria are found every where. Approximately 2,000 species have been identified, many of them living in conditions that would destroy other organisms. They have been found in the almost airless reaches of the upper atmosphere, 10 km (6 mi) below the surface of the ocean, in frozen soil, and on rocks in hot springs. Some bacteria produce a resting stage, the endospore, which is the most resistant living thing known and can be killed only by boiling in steam under pressure for many hours.

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Virus Characteristic

Certain type of virus exists in several forms of stages. The free virus particle, or virion, consists of a molecule of nucleic acid, either DNA or RNA, depending on the specific virus, surrounded by protein and in some viruses, also lipid and carbohydrate. The virion is inert, because its lacks many of the components that are necessary for independent life and reproduction; it does, however, provide for the transfer of the nucleic acid from host cell to host cell. Replication can occur only when the nucleic acid enters a host cell. Within the cell, the nucleic acid functions as genetic material and directs the synthesis of proteins. This results in the production of new virions, which then are released from the cell and can initiate new cycles of infection.

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